What aspect of literacy development does decoding primarily focus on?

Decoding primarily focuses on recognizing speech sounds and their relationships with letters, which is a fundamental skill in the process of reading. This skill involves the ability to translate written words into their corresponding sounds, enabling learners to read unfamiliar words aloud. Successful decoding lays the groundwork for effective reading, as it allows individuals to sound out words and gradually improve their reading skills.

In contrast, comprehension of complex texts involves understanding the meaning behind the words and integrating information, which goes beyond mere decoding. Building vocabulary through exposure relates to the acquisition of new words and their meanings, which is important but distinct from the phonetic processes involved in decoding. Improving reading fluency in context refers to the fluidity and speed of reading, which is influenced by effective decoding but also encompasses comprehension and the ability to read smoothly.